Coffee Threatened by Climate Change?
By
Johnny Kilroy
on February 24, 2010 
Coffee has survived World Wars, the Depression, labor strikes, trade cartels, and frosty winters. But can it survive changing climates?
Not exactly “robusto”
It’s a delicate little fruit, grown in just-right climate zones, hand-plucked and sent on a long and rigorous hero’s journey, all the way from its native mountains to my face. Because coffee grows in narrow bands of peak conditions on mountains - requiring very specific ranges and timing for everything from temperature to rainfall amounts - it’s particularly susceptible to shifts, changes and extremes.
Now, Kenya is experiencing decline in its coffee crops, from environmental factors associated with climate change. USDA predicts that Kenya’s annual production of the beans, from years 2008/09 to 2009/10, will drop by 9.6% (about 5,622 tons).
And fairtrade company Cafédirect says it’s not just Kenya
Research across four countries – Kenya, Mexico, Peru and Nicaragua – carried out with the state-funded German Technical Corporation, showed that growers are already being forced uphill to higher altitudes, at a rate of three to four metres a year on average, as temperatures rise. “A huge number of growers are now experiencing increased instances of pestilence and disease from rises in temperature. They are also facing prolonged drought and changing weather patterns,” said Cafédirect chief executive, Anne MacCaig.
(Kenyan coffee workers. Photo: Squidoo.com)
Coffee makes the world go round
Am I moving your “give-a-(expletive)-meter” yet? I sure hope so, since coffee is a nearly $9 billion industry in the U.S., according to the Specialty Coffee Association of America. And in recent decades, the U.S. has developed a full-scale jonesin’ for Kenyan coffee.
According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, coffee imports from Kenya to the U.S. increased nearly five times from 1992 to 2008.
Kenyan coffees are favorites among curators for producing various blends, Joseph Kimemia, of Kenya’s Coffee Research Foundation, told Reuters.
“If you are not able to meet that volume in one, two years, they are traders, so naturally they will look for another coffee to replace your coffee. And when they do that, then they cannot come back, even when you get back to production.”
Control those jitters, now. It’s not like that everywhere in the world.
Columbian coffee bean production is expected to rise by 16.2% due to favorable growing conditions, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s June 2009 report. India too, with good growing weather, could increase production by 11.4%.
But hold on to that pot, Bill Murray.
There is still the substantial logistical effort required to transport coffee from the growers to brewers, all over the world. Of course, it’s inextricably linked to the energy economy. The American National Coffee Association says,
“Coffee consumption in the US continues to grow…The market has wrestled with increasing fuel prices as well as raw material prices.”
Coffee is an incredibly important commodity, especially to developing countries. It often is a close second to oil, in such regions, says the International Coffee Organization of London.
As we all know, coffee and oil together rule our modern world.
This time, it’s personal
I’m guilty as sin. Lord knows, I don’t even set down at my desk until I’ve had my first cup of Columbian goodness…and my second…and perhaps a bit of coconut granola cereal. Very eco-friendly breakfast, I know.
...It devastates me, as much as anyone, that my own self-indulging food mileage is the assailant of my favorite beverage (yes, I love coffee more than booze).
How much damage will the coffee industry take from the inevitable shifts in global climates? Is coffee an endangered species? Certainly, it will have to migrate and adapt like any other.
Perhaps, in a dire enough situation, people will rally behind their beloved picker-upper and demand that governments give it special protection. If not… it’s time for hoarding.
But NCA leaves us with a parting thought,
Before you brew your coffee, take a moment to look carefully at the beans. Smell their aroma. Think of the many processes that these beans have gone through since the day they were hand-picked and sorted in their origin country. Consider the long way they have traveled to your kitchen. Prepare your coffee thoughtfully and enjoy it with pleasure. Many people have been instrumental in bringing it to your cup!
To get a closer look at African coffee farming, take a look at the travel journaling of Tim Wendelboe.
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